TAIWAN

a isla de Taiwán o Formosa se encuentra frente a las costas de la provincia china de Fujian, separada de ésta por el Estrecho de Taiwán. Al norte se encuentra el Mar de la China Oriental y al sur el Mar de la China Meridional, mientras que la costa oriental de la isla está bañada por el Océano Pacífico.
Desde 1945, la isla ha estado bajo el régimen político de la República de China, el estado que gobernaba toda China hasta el final de la guerra civil entre el Kuomintang y el Partido Comunista de China, cuando estos últimos se hicieron con el poder en el continente.
Desde entonces, el antiguo régimen chino se ha mantenido en la isla de Taiwán, dando lugar a una compleja situación jurídica y diplomática, aunque en la práctica es un Estado independiente parcialmente reconocido como República de China o Taiwán. Para más información, véase el artículo Estatus político de Taiwán.

Taiwan (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣) is an island in East Asia.
"Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the area under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (ROC) government, not to be confused with that of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Following World War II, the ROC gained control of Taiwan from the Japanese in 1945, but lost control of mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party four years later in the Chinese Civil War. The Kuomintang (KMT) government then retreated to the island and moved its capital to Taipei. The island groups of Taiwan and Penghu (except the municipalities of Taipei and Kaohsiung) are officially administered by the ROC as the Taiwan Province. In practice, almost all government power is exercised at the national and local (city/county) levels.
While the People's Republic of China claims Taiwan as its province, the PRC has never controlled Taiwan or any of the current territory commonly referred to thereas. A longtime province of the Chinese Empire, Taiwan was seized by Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War, and ceded to the latter under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. A pro-Qing Republic of Formosa was established in an attempt to prevent a Japanese takeover, but was quickly suppressed. Taiwan remained under Japanese rule until 1945, when Japan surrendered to the Allies at the conclusion of World War II. In 1949, the PRC conquered mainland China and, considering itself to be the successor state of the Republic of China, laid claim to all of the ROC's holdings, including Taiwan. [2]
The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa (from Portuguese (Ilha) Formosa, meaning "beautiful (island)"), is located in East Asia off the coast of China, southwest of the main islands of Japan but directly west of the end of Japan's Ryukyu Islands, and north-northwest of the Philippines. It is bound to the east by the Pacific Ocean, to the south by the South China Sea and the Luzon Strait, to the west by the Taiwan Strait and to the north by the East China Sea. The island is 394 kilometers (245 miles) long and 144 kilometers (89 miles) wide and consists of steep mountains covered by tropical and subtropical vegetation.
For decades, the ROC was a single-party authoritarian state, but since the late 1980s it has been a democratic regime. Its rapid economic growth in the decades after World War II and the government's relocation to Taiwan has brought it to an advanced economy status as one of the Four Asian Tigers.[3] This economic rise is known as the Taiwan Miracle. It is categorized as an advanced economy by the IMF and high-income economy by the World Bank. Its technology industry plays a key role in the global economy.[4] Taiwanese companies manufacture a giant portion of the world's consumer electronics.[5]